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HEALTH ECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH
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EXTRAPOLATE . . . is a multidisciplinary team of biostatisticians, epidemiologists, health informatics specialists, health care business and finance leaders, physicians, and research nurses headed by Dr. Freeman.
Our substantial experience in clinical, economic, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and patient satisfaction has resulted in more than 80 peer-reviewed publications. We analyze managed care claims and medical chart data to derive objective outcome measures such as cost effectiveness and healthcare utilization. In addition, we analyze patient reported outcomes (PRO) including stress, health status, satisfaction, adherence, and functional outcomes related to cognition and mobility for both children and adults, and for racially and ethnically diverse populations.
We collaborate with sponsor representatives to further their commercial strategy. As part of our effort, we communicate with the Sponsor to best articulate research questions, identify sources of bias, and initiate design features such as matching, masking, and stratification to reduce bias. We then draft a clinical research protocol choosing the most efficient design framework for prospective cohort, randomized clinical trial, retrospective cohort, or case-control studies. Our protocol draft includes a comprehensive biostatistics section which specifies randomization procedures, statistical analysis methods and assumptions, as well as results of power analyses to derive sample size. Once we obtain the database, we initiate and implement edits to assure inclusion/exclusion criteria are met, and to identify and correct inconsistencies among variables and/or values out of range.
Our biostatistics experience includes the analysis of time-to-event data for mortality, recurrence of disease, and incidence of adverse events. We routinely use multivariate modeling procedures such as generalized linear equations, generalized estimating equations, recurrent event analysis, reliability coefficients, smearing and non-parametric methods. Our power analyses are tailored to the research question and outcome measure. More specifically, we:
Target interventions to patients that will minimize costs while preserving their quality of life and safety
Analyze large government, clinical, and claims databases to develop benchmarks
Design registries including case report forms for prospective cohort analysis
Evaluate systems to reimburse providers for their record-keeping quality and completeness of required medical screenings
Conduct pharmacoeconomic studies embedded in clinical trials to analyze length of stay, cost effectiveness, quality
improvement, readmission, and other healthcare research outcomes
Perform meta-analyses including systematic literature reviews
Construct posters with graphics and write abstracts for presentation, and write manuscripts for publication using
evidence-based findings
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